Reference data

Glottolog’s reference data consists of bibliographical information in a set of BibTeX files, described with metadata in BIBFILES.ini.

This information can be accessed via an instance of pyglottolog.Glottolog, too:

>>> Glottolog()
>>> print(g.bibfiles['hh'].description)
The bibliography of HH, typed in between 2005-2020.
It has been annotated by hand (type and language).
It contains descriptive material from all over the world, mostly lesser-known languages.
>>> print(g.bibfiles['hh:s:Karang:Tati-Harzani'])
@book{s:Karang:Tati-Harzani,
    author = {'Abd-al-'Ali Kārang},
    title = {Tāti va Harzani, do lahja az zabān-i bāstān-e Āẕarbāyjān},
    publisher = {Tabriz: Tabriz University Press},
    address = {Tabriz},
    pages = {6+160},
    year = {1334 [1953]},
    glottolog_ref_id = {41999},
    hhtype = {grammar_sketch},
    inlg = {Farsi [pes]},
    lgcode = {Tati, Harzani [hrz]},
    macro_area = {Eurasia}
}

The objects representing reference data are described below.

class pyglottolog.references.BibFiles(bibfiles)[source]

Ordered collection of BibFile objects accessible by filname or index.

classmethod from_path(path, api=None)[source]

BibTeX files from <path>/bibtex/*.bib if listed in <path>/BIBFILES.ini.

Parameters:: path (typing.Union[str, pathlib.Path]) –
Return type:: pyglottolog.references.bibfiles.BibFiles

__getitem__(index_or_filename)[source]

Retrieve a bibfile by index or filename or an entry by qualified key.

Parameters:: index_or_filename (typing.Union[int, str]) – Either an int index, or a bibfile name, or a provider-qualified BibTeX key in the form <prov>:<key>.
Return type:: typing.Union[pyglottolog.references.bibfiles.BibFile, pyglottolog.references.bibfiles.Entry]
Returns:: A BibFile instance, or an Entry instance.

to_sqlite(filepath='bibfiles.sqlite3', rebuild=False, verbose=False)[source]: Return a database with the bibfiles loaded.

roundtrip_all()[source]: Load and save all bibfiles with the current settings.

class pyglottolog.references.BibFile(fname, name=None, title=None, description=None, abbr=None, encoding='utf-8', normalize='NFC', sortkey=None, priority=0, url=None, curation=None, api=None)[source]

Represents a BibTeX file, storing a provider’s bibliography, providing easy access to its records.

Parameters:: fname (pathlib.Path) –

Method generated by attrs for class BibFile.

Parameters:: fname (pathlib.Path) –

name: Short name of the bibliography

title: Title of the bibliography

description: The provenance of the bibliography

url: URL pointing to the source of the bibliography

curation: Curation policy for the bibliography at Glottolog

__getitem__(item)[source]

Parameters:: item (str) – BibTeX citation key of an entry
Raises:: KeyError – if no matching Entry is contained in the BibFile
Return type:: pyglottolog.references.bibfiles.Entry

load(preserve_order=None)[source]: Return entries as bibkey -> (entrytype, fields) dict.

save(entries)[source]: Write bibkey -> (entrytype, fields) map to file.

__str__()[source]: Return str(self).

show_characters(include_plain=False)[source]: Display character-frequencies (excluding printable ASCII).

class pyglottolog.references.Entry(key, type, fields, bib, api=None)[source]

Represents an entry in a BibFile, i.e. a bibliographical record.

Note

Entry instances are orderable. The ordering is the one used to compute MEDs, i.e.

grammars are “better” than other document types,
more pages is “better” than less,
more recent is “better” than old.

>>> g = pyglottolog.Glottolog()
>>> g.bibfiles['hh:g:MacDonell:Sanskrit'] > g.bibfiles['hh:hv:Weijnen:Nederlandse']
True
>>> refs = g.refs_by_languoid(gl.bibfiles['hh'])
>>> sorted(refs[0]['stan1295'])[-1].med_type.name
'long grammar'

Parameters:: fields (dict) –

Method generated by attrs for class Entry.

Parameters:: fields (dict) –

key

type: BibTeX entry type

fields: dict: The metadata of the record

property med_type: MEDType: The entry’s type on the MED scale.

text()[source]

Return the text linearization of the entry.

Return type:: str

property id: str: The qualified entry ID, including the provider prefix.

languoids(langs_by_codes)[source]

Expand the language codes mentioned in a reference’s “lgcode” field to Languoid objects.

Parameters:: langs_by_codes (dict) –
Return type:: typing.Tuple[list, typing.Optional[str]]

doctypes(hhtypes)[source]

Ordered doctypes assigned to this entry.

Parameters:: hhtypes – OrderedDict mapping doctype names to doctypes
Returns:: list of values of hhtypes which apply to the entry, ordered by occurrence in hhtypes.