Languoid data

All metadata related to a languoid (i.e. the content of the languoid’s INI file and the classification - its relation to other languoids) is available from a pyglottolog.languoids.Languoid instance.

class pyglottolog.languoids.Languoid(cfg, lineage=None, id_=None, directory=None, tree=None, _api=None)[source]

Info on languoids is encoded in the INI files and in the directory hierarchy of pyglottolog.Glottolog.tree. This class provides access to all of it.

Languoid formatting:

Variables

_format_specs – A dict mapping custom format specifiers to conversion functions. Usage:

>>> l = Languoid.from_name_id_level(pathlib.Path('.'), 'N(a,m)e', 'abcd1234', 'language')
>>> '{0:newick_name}'.format(l)
'N{a/m}e'

See also

https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3101/#format-specifiers and https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-3101/#controlling-formatting-on-a-per-type-basis

Parameters

  • cfg (clldutils.inifile.INI) –

  • lineage (typing.Optional[typing.List[typing.Tuple[str, str, str]]]) –

  • id_ (typing.Optional[str]) –

  • directory (typing.Optional[pathlib.Path]) –

  • tree (typing.Optional[pathlib.Path]) –

Refer to the factory methods for typical use cases of instantiating a Languoid:

Parameters

  • cfg (clldutils.inifile.INI) – INI instance storing the languoid’s metadata.

  • lineage (typing.Optional[typing.List[typing.Tuple[str, str, str]]]) – list of ancestors (from root to this languoid).

  • id – Glottocode for the languoid (or None, if directory is passed).

  • _api – Some properties require access to config data which is accessed through a Glottolog API instance.

  • id_ (typing.Optional[str]) –

  • directory (typing.Optional[pathlib.Path]) –

  • tree (typing.Optional[pathlib.Path]) –

classmethod from_dir(directory, nodes=None, _api=None, **kw)[source]

Create a Languoid from a directory, named with the Glottocode and containing md.ini.

This method is used by pyglottolog.Glottolog to read Languoid`s from the repository’s `languoids/tree directory.

Parameters

directory (pathlib.Path) –

classmethod from_name_id_level(tree, name, id, level, **kw)[source]

This method is used in pyglottolog.lff to instantiate Languoid s for new nodes encountered in “lff”-format trees.

newick_node(nodes=None, template=None, maxlevel=None, level=0)[source]

Return a newick.Node representing the subtree of the Glottolog classification starting at the languoid.

Parameters

template – Python format string accepting the Languoid instance as single variable named l, used to format node labels.

Return type

newick.Node

write_info(outdir=None)[source]

Write Languoid metadata as INI file to outdir/<INFO_FILENAME>.

Parameters

outdir (typing.Optional[pathlib.Path]) –

property glottocode

Alias for id

property category

Languoid category.

  • Category name from pyglottolog.config.LanguageType for languoids of level “language”,

  • “Family” or “Pseudo Family” for families,

  • “Dialect” for dialects.

property isolate: bool

Flag signaling whether the languoid is an isolate, i.e. has level “language” and is not member of a family.

Return type

bool

property children: List[Languoid]

List of direct descendants of the languoid in the classification tree.

Note

Using this on many languoids can be slow, because the directory tree may be traversed and INI files read multiple times. To circumvent this problem, you may use a read-only pyglottolog.Glottolog instance, by passing cache=True at initialization.

Return type

typing.List[pyglottolog.languoids.languoid.Languoid]

property ancestors: List[Languoid]

List of ancestors of the languoid in the classification tree, from root (i.e. top-level family) to parent node.

Note

Using this on many languoids can be slow, because the directory tree may be traversed and INI files read multiple times. To circumvent this problem, you may use a read-only pyglottolog.Glottolog instance, by passing cache=True at initialization.

Return type

typing.List[pyglottolog.languoids.languoid.Languoid]

property parent: Optional[Languoid]

Parent languoid or None.

Note

Using this on many languoids can be slow, because the directory tree may be traversed and INI files read multiple times. To circumvent this problem, you may use a read-only pyglottolog.Glottolog instance, by passing cache=True at initialization.

Return type

typing.Optional[pyglottolog.languoids.languoid.Languoid]

property family: Optional[Languoid]

Top-level family the languoid belongs to or None.

Note

Using this on many languoids can be slow, because the directory tree may be traversed and INI files read multiple times. To circumvent this problem, you may use a read-only pyglottolog.Glottolog instance, by passing cache=True at initialization.

Return type

typing.Optional[pyglottolog.languoids.languoid.Languoid]

property names: Dict[str, list]

A dict mapping alternative name providers to list s of alternative names for the languoid by the given provider.

Return type

typing.Dict[str, list]

property sources: List[Reference]

List of Glottolog references linked to the languoid

Return type

pyglottolog.references.Reference

property endangerment: Union[None, Endangerment]

Endangerment information about the languoid.

Return type

Endangerment

property classification_comment: Union[None, ClassificationComment]

Classification information about the languoid.

Return type

ClassificationComment

property ethnologue_comment: Union[None, EthnologueComment]

Commentary about the classification of the languoid in Ethnologue.

Return type

EthnologueComment

property macroareas: List[Macroarea]
Return type

list of config.Macroarea

Links to web resources related to the languoid

Return type

typing.List[pyglottolog.languoids.models.Link]

property countries: List[Country]

Countries a language is spoken in.

Return type

typing.List[pyglottolog.languoids.models.Country]

property name

The Glottolog mame of the languoid

property latitude: Union[None, float]

The geographic latitude of the point chosen as representative coordinate of the languoid

Return type

typing.Optional[float]

property longitude: Union[None, float]

The geographic longitude of the point chosen as representative coordinate of the languoid

Return type

typing.Optional[float]

closest_iso(api=None, nodes=None)[source]

ISO 639-3 code assigned to the languoid or one of its ancestors in the classification (in case of dialects) or None.

See also

https://github.com/glottolog/glottolog-cldf/issues/13

Return type

typing.Optional[str]

class pyglottolog.languoids.Glottocodes(fname)[source]

Registry keeping track of glottocodes that have been dealt out.

Some of the data available for languoids has enough internal structure to merit separate classes, simplyfying access.

class pyglottolog.languoids.Reference(key, pages=None, trigger=None)[source]

A reference of a bibliographical record in Glottolog.

Method generated by attrs for class Reference.

key
pages
get_source(api)[source]

Retrieve the referenced bibliographical record.

Return type

pyglottolog.references.bibfiles.Entry

class pyglottolog.languoids.Endangerment(status, source, comment, date)[source]

Info about the endangerment status of the languoid

Parameters

Method generated by attrs for class Endangerment.

Parameters
status: AES
source: AESSource
comment
date

Date when the endangerment status was assessed

class pyglottolog.languoids.EthnologueComment(isohid, comment_type, ethnologue_versions='', comment=None)[source]

Commentary about the classification of the languoid according to Ethnologue

Method generated by attrs for class EthnologueComment.

comment_type

Either

  • “spurious” meaning the comment is to explain why the languoid in question is spurious and in which Ethnologue (as below) that is/was

  • “missing” meaning the comment is to explain why the languoid in question is missing (as a language entry) and in which Ethnologue (as below) that is/was

ethnologue_versions

Which Ethnologue version(s) from E16-E19 the comment pertains to, joined by /:s. E.g. E16/E17. In the case of comment_type=spurious, E16/E17 in the version field means that the code was spurious in E16/E17 but no longer spurious in E18/E19. In the case of comment_type=missing, E16/E17 would mean that the code was missing from E16/E17, but present in E18/E19. If the comment concerns a language where versions would be the empty string, instead the string ISO 639-3 appears.

comment
class pyglottolog.languoids.ISORetirement(code=None, name=None, change_request=None, effective=None, reason=None, change_to=NOTHING, remedy=None, comment=None)[source]

Information extracted from accepted ISO 639-3 change requests about retired ISO codes associated with the languoid.

Method generated by attrs for class ISORetirement.

code

Retired ISO 639-3 code

name

Name of the retired ISO language

change_request

Number of the ISO change request

effective

Date of acceptance of the change request

reason

Reason to retire the ISO code

change_to

List of ISO codes replacing the retired code

remedy

What to do about the retired code

comment
class pyglottolog.languoids.ClassificationComment(sub=None, subrefs=NOTHING, family=None, familyrefs=NOTHING)[source]

Commentary on the classification of the languoid

Method generated by attrs for class ClassificationComment.

sub

Commentary on the internal classification of the descendants of the languoid

subrefs: List[Reference]

References for the internal classification

family

Commentary on the classification of the languoid within its family

familyrefs: List[Reference]

References for the family classification